The Gait Cycle is a sequence of neurologic and mechanical events, leading to the synchronized pattern of movement that moves us through the world. In its most general form, the gait cycle is divided into two phases: stance and swing. These phases refer to the action of the limb that is either in contact with the ground and providing support (stance), or in the air and preparing for the next step (swing). Each phase is further broken down into subphases, based on the action of the various osseous and muscular groups causing movement. The gait cycle is the time interval or sequence of movements occurring between two consecutive initial contacts of the same foot. To evaluate the gait cycle, you have to describe what happens in one leg, and then duplicate the observations with the other leg.

Dilators used by urologists are called urethral dilators. These dilators are used to increase the size of the urethra to allow insertion of instruments, such as a cystoscope, which is used to visualize the interior of the urinary bladder. The most common style of urethral dilators are called van buren of which there are two basic types like the female style is a straight dilator and the male style is curved at the tip.

Forceps are used for grasping and removing foreign objects from the ureter. It consists of hollow tube member with a control member extending there through, an actuator coupled to the proximal ends of the tube member and the control member and a jaw assembly coupled to the distal ends of the tube and control member.

Pedicle Clamp consists of two jaws, one fixed and other sliding or acting by means of screw power in connection with the first. The pedicle is included between the two corrugated faces after, which any desire amount of compression secures by means of screw attachment.

Scoop is an invasive device that can help patients to avoid surgery for various ailments like urological disorders.

Stone Forceps is a forceps with variably curved slender blades and serrated jaws that is used to extract calculi from the renal pelvis or calices. It is used for grasping, crushing and removing gallstones from the opened neck of a gallbladder being extracted from an abdominal port site during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Galvanic Electrodes are placed on the clavicle under the chin and on the face, enabling the current to be conducted at equal intensity to the entire area being treated. Galvanic electrodes produce a millivolt output directly proportional to the oxygen present in the sample. It is designed for use with high pulse galvanic stimulators.

A Gamma Camera is a device used to image gamma radiation emitting radioisotopes, a technique known as scintigraphy. The applications of scintigraphy include early drug development and nuclear medical imaging to view and analyse images of the human body of the distribution of medically injected, inhaled, or ingested radionuclides emitting gamma rays. A gamma camera consists of one or more flat crystal planes or, detectors, optically coupled to an array of photomultiplier tubes, the assembly is known as a 'head', mounted on a gantry. The gantry is connected to a computer system that both controls the operation of the camera as well as acquisition and storage of acquired images. The system accumulates events, or counts, of gamma photons that are absorbed by the crystal in the camera. Usually a large flat crystal of sodium iodide with thallium doping in a light-sealed housing is used. The crystal scintillates in response to incident gamma radiation. When a gamma photon leaves the patient, who has been injected with a radioactive pharmaceutical, it knocks an electron loose from an iodine atom in the crystal, and a faint flash of light is produced when the dislocated electron again finds a minimal energy state. The initial phenomenon of the excited electron is similar to the photoelectric effect and particularly with gamma rays the Compton effect. After the flash of light is produced, it is detected. Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) behind the crystal detect the fluorescent flashes events and a computer sums the counts.