CryoSurgical catheter comprises an outer flexible member, which has at least one cryogenic fluid path through the flexible member. The fluid path is defined by a plurality of flexible members disposed within the outer flexible member.

Cryosurgical systems are indicated for minimally invasive cardiac surgical procedures, including the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. These systems typically use liquid nitrogen or nitrous oxide as coolant fluids. Liquid nitrogen is usually either sprayed onto the tissue to be destroyed, or it is circulated to cool a probe, which is applied to the tissue. Liquid nitrogen has an extremely low temperature of approximately 77 K, and a high cooling capacity, making it very desirable for this purpose.

CT based surgical navigation system is used to demonstrate two fundamental requirements for a practical computer-assisted surgical device. It can guide the surgeon with the accuracy required for successful graft placement, and this guidance can be achieved through a simple and intuitive interface. It utilizes a hand held tracker in the usual saw slot of total knee replacement (TKR) mechanical guides in order to get intra-operative measurements of alignment and guidance information. Once the guides are properly aligned, bone cuts are made using a traditional oscillating saw.

CT contrast agents are sometimes referred to as dyes. These are used to highlight specific areas so that the organs, blood vessels, or tissues are more visible. By increasing the visibility of all surfaces of the organ or tissue being studied, these can help the radiologist determine the presence and extent of disease or injury. Contrast agents are available in several different forms, but in general a CT contrast agent is a pharmaceutical substance.